Gerasimov Doctrine

The use of non-military actions to enhance strategic goals has been around for thousands of years. This is commonly called hybrid warfare. Only recently has the balance shifted to where non-military actions are arguably on par with conventional military actions for major powers.

The Gerasimov Doctrine is Russia’s version of hybrid warfare. Developed by Russian General Valery Gerasimov and put in writing early 2013, the Gerasimov Doctrine includes a mix of political, diplomatic, economic, military, and nonmilitary forces to enhance the effectiveness of the Russian government in achieving state goals.

In peacetime, the goal is to undertake actions provocative and effective enough to force a rival into making an uncomfortable decision, while not being so provocative as to initiate war. Before conflict begins, it is prudent to weaken a foreign state’s combat logistics and national resolve, while simultaneously gathering intelligence to be used in future operations. Attacks on infrastructure, information warfare, indirect operations, and cyber attacks are all considered components of the Gerasimov Doctrine.

In Gerasimov’s own words, “The open use of forces—often under the guise of peacekeeping and crisis regulation—is resorted to only at a certain stage, primarily for the achievement of final success in the conflict.”

References:

Gerasimov, V . (2016). The Value of Science Is in the Foresight: New Challenges Demand Rethinking the Forms and Methods of Carrying Out Combat Operations (pp. 23–29). Military Review.